National Library of Medicine Greater trochanteric pain syndrome: epidemiology and associated factors. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a general term used to describe disorders of the peritrochanteric space, including trochanteric bursitis, abductor tendon pathology, and external coxa saltans. At 11-year follow-up 20/24 GTPS and 19/20 ASC participants were clinically assessed for GTPS and hip OA, completed the 10 metre-walk-test, timed up and go, and hip abduction and external rotation strength testing. We clinically assessed 19 (82.6%) and recorded patient reported outcomes for 20 (86.9%) of eligible ASC participants. : The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review. -, Kong A, Van der Vliet A, Zadow S. MRI and US of gluteal tendinopathy in greater trochanteric pain syndrome. This 11-year follow-up study reviews a subset of the original cohort, see exclusion criteria for the 11-year follow-up study. J Arthroplasty. Long SS, Surrey DE, Nazarian LN. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is a condition that causes pain over the outside of your upper thigh (or both thighs). 2000;25(22):294053. Lievense A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Schouten B, Bohnen A, Verhaar J, Koes B. Prognosis of trochanteric pain in primary care. A prospective 11-year natural history study. Future studies should investigate biomechanical and somatosensory impairments and their effects on joint contact forces. We attempted to contact all remaining participants (n=54), regardless of their symptomatic status, to invite to take part in this 11-year follow-up study. Howell G, Biggs R, Bourne R. Prevalence of abductor mechanism tears of the hips in patients with osteoarthritis. Kim C, Nevitt MC, Niu J, Clancy MM, Lane NE, Link TM, et al. Allison K, Wrigley TV, Vicenzino B, Bennell KL, Grimaldi A, Hodges PW. In this natural history study, we attempted to contact all eligible previous participants from the baseline exploratory study [1, 10] via email, letters, phone calls and a search on the Australian electoral role, thus no sample size calculation was undertaken. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is pain that occurs on the outside of the hip. It is expected that this will be functional within the next six months. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal In contrast our prospectively collected data showed our participants had no clinical or imaging evidence of intra-articular hip joint pathology at baseline. We clinically assessed 19 (82.6%) and recorded patient reported outcomes for 20 (86.9%) of eligible ASC participants. In the absence of a condition specific measure for this population at baseline, measures with face validity were used. AF supervised the collected and analysis of the participant data. The site is secure. 1996;71(6):5659. Our GTPS participants demonstrated a much higher rate than this. Eur Radiol. These findings should be confirmed with a larger study. Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Hip Strength and Gait Parameters Measured Across 11 years. Pain and function results varied depending on the assessment tools used. AF supervised the collected and analysis of the participant data. Abstract. Puhr R, Heinze G, Nold M, Lusa L, Geroldinger A. Firth's logistic regression with rare events: accurate effect estimates and predictions? 1, 2 GTPS is the cause of hip pain in 10-20% of patients presenting with hip pain to primary care, with an incidence of 1.8 patients per 1000 per year. The University of Canberra is currently setting up a data repository platform within Mendeley. In this natural history study, we attempted to contact all eligible previous participants from the baseline exploratory study [1, 10] via email, letters, phone calls and a search on the Australian electoral role, thus no sample size calculation was undertaken. The Odds Ratio (OR) [95%CI] of having GTPS, or developing hip OA were calculated post hoc using penalized logistic regression (Firth method [22]) as implemented in R package logistf [23] , with confidence intervals from the profile likelihood [24]. Fearon AM, Cook JL, Scarvell JM, Neeman T, Cormick W, Smith PN. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. Keywords: We note that our two groups had no difference in strength so other factors such as motor control or somatosensory impairments may also be contributing factors. Terms and Conditions, FOIA RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio, PBC, Boston, MA URL http://www.rstudio.com/). Research Paper 63, Center for Health Economics. The functional anatomy of hip abductors. Gait Posture. the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Nevertheless, we can confidently compare between groups at each time point but not within the groups across the different follow-up periods. Note: GTPS Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome, ASC Asymptomatic Control Group, yr year, FCI Functional Co-morbidity Index, BMI Body Mass Index, IQR Interquartile range, *Statistically significant (p<0.05). The greater trochanter is located at the top of the thighbone (femur) and is the most prominent and widest part of the hip. Ferrer-Pena R, Calvo-Lobo C, La Touche R, Fernandez-Carnero J. Hip-Joint Posture and Movement Alterations Are Associated With High Interference of Pain in the Life of Patients With Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. For the ODI, participants were asked to respond in relation to their leg pain, rather than any existing back pain. Following the publication of a recent systematic review on clinically diagnosing hip OA [13], we undertook a post-hoc determination of hip OA diagnosis based on our existing data (Additional file 1). c One participant requested this examination be ceased due to hip pain. Pain, not structural impairments may explain activity limitations in people with gluteal tendinopathy or hip osteoarthritis: A cross sectional study. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2007;17(7):177283. See home treatments 2 When you may need a provider Your pain is moderate to severe GTPS participants reported more disability on the mHHS and the ODI at baseline and 12-months, (p<0.04) and on the ODI (but not the mHHS) at 11-years (p=0.028), Table Table22. government site. 1988;37(1):8794. Background. However, limited evidence is available on the long-term outcomes of people with GTPS. Trials. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Hawthorne G, Richardson J, Osborne R. The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument: a psychometric measure of health-related quality of life. The increased rate of hip OA in our cohort is likely explained by the longer follow-up period, allowing a longer duration for hip OA to develop. Data from the same leg is reported for each data collection point. Previous informed consent had been obtained from the participants at the baseline assessment for later follow-up, all participants reconsented for the 2019 follow-up assessment. Altman R, Alarcon G, Appelrouth D, Bloch D, Borenstein D, Brandt K, et al. This finding highlights the need to identify effective treatments that address the underlying impairments associated with GTPS. Kong A, Van der Vliet A, Zadow S. MRI and US of gluteal tendinopathy in greater trochanteric pain syndrome. 1). To our knowledge, there are no longitudinal studies that have examined if these finding persist over time. Two groups [GTPS group (n=24), asymptomatic control (ASC) group (n=20)] were evaluated at baseline, 12-months and 11-years. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. The changes after 12-months in the GTPS participants may be due to the Hawthorne effect [35]. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a musculoskeletal condition which can cause disability and reduce quality of life. Am J Roentgenol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. Where measures were close to these cut off (<15 of internal rotation in 90 flexion, or <115 flexion in supine) a goniometer was used to measure the range. Dr Fearon and Dr Cookes salaries were paid for by the University of Canberra. 2010;39(3):1313. You'll find bursa sacs at many of the body's. Maximum isometric hip abduction (in supine) and external rotation strength (in prone) were assessed using the same fixed calibrated hand-held dynamometer, (Chatillon, MSC FL, USA) as used at baseline assessment" [10]. Further, there appears to be a temporal relationship between GTPS and the development of hip OA. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Play or work activities that cause overuse or injury to the joint areas. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. However, there are no longitudinal studies to indicate if the conditions arise concurrently or sequentially. SPSS version 22.0 (IBM Corp. It has been hypothesised that the increased hip adductor moment seen in people with GTPS puts greater load on the gluteal tendons resulting in the persistence of GTPS [29] and similarly, increases the load within the joint [30], possibly contributing to the development of hip OA. The development of a comorbidity index with physical function as the outcome. 2023 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. None of the authors have any competing interests, Flow of participants in 11-year follow-up study, Clinical diagnosis of hip OA based on Altmans criteria [11] at 11-years of, MeSH Between baseline and 12-month follow-up participants received intermittent (approximately second monthly) correspondence with the aim of reducing attrition. Eur Radiol. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome can sometimes . Hawthorne G, Richardson J, Osborne R. The Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) instrument: a psychometric measure of health-related quality of life. J Clin Epidemiol. How common is hip pain among older adults. 2016 Jan 22;13(1):15-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jor.2015.12.006. 1 First steps to consider Mild to moderate pain can be treated at home. Prof. Diana Perriman and Dr Andrew Woodward for their help with the statistics used in this study. The research was undertaken in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All data presented in this study including patient reported and clinical examination results relate to the index leg. Between group differences in quality of life seen at baseline are not found at the 11-year follow-up. 2005;55(512):199204. At 11-years all participants completed the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Assessment of Quality-of-Life questionnaire. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a common cause of lateral hip pain. Fearon A, Neeman T, Smith P, Scarvell J, Cook J. Shbeeb MI, Matteson EL. Zeni J Jr, Pozzi F, Abujaber S, Miller L. Relationship between physical impairments and movement patterns during gait in patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis. 2018 Sep 21;19(1):517. doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-2907-x. GTPS has been linked to end-stage hip OA [6,7,8]. In summary, there is a lack of evidence surrounding the long-term outcomes of GTPS and potential associations with ongoing GTPS and hip OA. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 22, 1048 (2021). Mayo Clin Proc. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome is primarily a clinical diagnosis, and careful clinical examination is essential for accurate diagnosis and . To our knowledge there is no long-term study that reports on dysfunction, quality of life or function in people with GTPS. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hip. *Statistically significant (p<0.05). Mr Bicket was a student at the time of the research and received no funding. While the participants who were not followed up were not statistically different from those who were (Additional file 2), we still controlled for age and co-morbidities thus reducing the risk of a type two error. Physicians commonly refer to this syndrome as trochanteric bursitis; however, from a clinical standpoint, the "itis"that is, local heat, redness, and swellingis not usually demonstrated. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help In addition, we question whether it would be ethical to expose the participants to hip x-rays when it is not difficult to clinically diagnose symptomatic hip OA [13, 37]. 2005;58(6):595602. J Hip Preserv Surg. To answer question 1 and 2, we undertook Fisher Exact evaluations. Armonk, NY) was used for all statistical analyses, except for the odds ratio, which was calculated using R (RStudio Team (2020). The increased rate of hip OA in our cohort is likely explained by the longer follow-up period, allowing a longer duration for hip OA to develop. All the 11-year follow-up assessments were performed by a successfully blinded assessor (LB), a final year physiotherapy student, trained and supervised in the assessment techniques by the senior author who has 20 years of clinical experience in diagnosing hip conditions (AF). Finally, we did not undertake reliability studies, however LB was trained and supervised by AF who undertook the original study, and we used outcomes with published high inter-rater reliability. Use ice and heat, take OTC pain relievers, and do gentle stretches to help with pain. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, People who had had a CSI (cumulative number (%)). Both groups had similar levels of quality of life and measures of function. This study was approved by university human research ethics committees (HREC: 20181528), all participants provided informed consent. FADDIR/FABER/internal rotation) and on imaging (x-ray or MRI)), systemic inflammatory disease, a history of hip or spinal surgery, for the GTPS group a cortisone injection into the lateral hip within the last 3 months and for the ASC group any history of hip pain [1, 10]. 2002;51(4):3468. Oswestry disability scores, SF-36 scores, reduction in drug use and patients' satisfaction were also investigated. -, Lievense A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Schouten B, Bohnen A, Verhaar J, Koes B. Prognosis of trochanteric pain in primary care. Groll DL, To T, Bombardier C, Wright JG. As per the baseline [1, 10], we assessed: As per the baseline, four reliable and valid clinical tests were undertaken by LB. No identifiable data is presented in this publication. a Baseline and 12-month data does not include those excluded from 11-year follow-up, but does include those lost to follow-up. 18.2% of the GTPS had both GTPS and hip OA, while close to 80% of the ASC remained free of hip pain, Fig. Subject to manuscript acceptance, at that point, the data from this study will be uploaded to that platform. Normalizing hip muscle strength: establishing body-size-independent measurements. Between group differences evaluated with between the Median (IQR) via the Independent-samples Mann-Whitney U Testa. Thus, pathology of this muscular tendinous complex may contribute to, or precede the development of hip OA. Significance level was set at p<0.05. The only other long-term follow-up paper reports the quality of life and function of those with pain is lower than those without pain [5]. At 11-years all participants completed the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Assessment of Quality-of-Life questionnaire. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. However, we repeated the clinical examination using alternative criteria [13], with very similar results. J Arthroplasty. Level of evidence: This difference was not present at 12-months, or at 11-years. GTPS participants reported more pain and disability than ASC participants via the ODI, mean difference [95% CI]: 6.1 [0.7, 11.6] but not the modified Harris Hip Score, mean difference [95% CI]: -3.3 [-10.3, 3.7]. Between group differences in quality of life seen at baseline are not found at the 11-year follow-up. By using this website, you agree to our The limited sample size may affect these data in relation to function. 2013;201(5):10831086. Thus, addressing this issue early may be beneficial. Murphy NJ, Eyles JP, Hunter DJ. Ferrer-Pena R, Moreno-Lopez M, Calvo-Lobo C, Lopez-de-Uralde-Villanueva I, Fernandez-Carnero J. At baseline, the most affected leg was chosen as the index leg for the GTPS group. Incidence and prevalence of lower extremity tendinopathy in a Dutch general practice population: a cross sectional study. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted No identifiable data is presented in this publication. Accessibility Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a general term used to describe disorders of the peritrochanteric space, including trochanteric bursitis, abductor tendon pathology, and external coxa saltans. Incidental rotator cuff tear of the hip at primary total hip arthroplasty. We acknowledge several limitations within this project. 2015;386(9991):37687. Number (%), evaluated using X 2 or Fisher Exact Testa. Released 2017.Version 25.0. Luke Bicket, Email: moc.liamg@79tekcibekul. Our GTPS participants demonstrated a much higher rate than this. Clinical diagnosis of hip OA based on Altmans criteria [11] at 11-years of the GTPS group (on the left) and ASC group (on the right). Musculoskeletal injury causes pain and when chronic can affect mental health, employment and quality of life. J Arthroplasty. 2005;6:3. In 60-64 year old people the estimated prevalence of radiological diagnosis of hip OA ranges from 0.5%-11.5% [26]. Gluteus medius and minimus muscles contribute to stabilising the head of femur within the acetabulum whilst walking [31]. Femoroacetabular impingement is one of the most common causes of hip pain in young adults. 2009;68(2):98103. Another bursa called the iliopsoas bursa is on . . (Fig.1).1). Initial ethics approval was provided by the ACT Health HREC (HTH.7/07.663), and the Australian National University (HREC: 2007/0062). To determine the clinical diagnosis of GTPS at 11-years follow-up we used the same criteria as at baseline: a minimum three-month history of lateral hip pain, pain on palpation of the greater trochanter, and pain with either lying on the hip, during weight bearing, or sitting [1]. The post-hoc analysis of the alternative method to diagnose hip OA did not change the overall outcome (Additional file 1), thus we report using the Altman criteria [11]. Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome Description Lateral Hip pain is a common orthopaedic problem. Google Scholar. (Fig.11). The dysfunction and quality of life of people with GTPS, and those with gluteal tendon tears has been shown to be poor compared to an aged and sex matched asymptomatic control group, and similar to people with end stage hip OA [1, 9]. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04935-w. 2014;29(2):3836. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. Group differences were seen for BMI, but not obesity. Pain Med. Firstly, the 11-year follow-up diagnosis of hip OA was performed in the absence of an x-ray. Lievense A, Bierma-Zeinstra S, Schouten B, Bohnen A, Verhaar J, Koes B. Prognosis of trochanteric pain in primary care. These findings should be confirmed with a larger study. In contrast our prospectively collected data showed our participants had no clinical or imaging evidence of intra-articular hip joint pathology at baseline. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! 2007;17(7):17721783. The research was undertaken in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Relationship of Dynamic Balance Impairment with Pain-Related and Psychosocial Measures in Primary Care Patients with Chronic Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a musculoskeletal condition which can cause disability and reduce quality of life. LB contributed to the design, collected, analysis and interpreted the participant data regarding clinical diagnosis and function. Hip pain is a common cause of pain and disability in older people [25]. We acknowledge that the use of ultra-sound and/or magnetic resonance imaging would have enhanced the diagnosis of GTPS. Groll DL, To T, Bombardier C, Wright JG. To enable a longitudinal comparison, we chose to repeat those measures at the 11-year follow-up. The natural history of greater trochanteric pain syndrome: an 11-year follow-up study BMC Musculoskelet Disord. The small sample size means the results must be considered with caution. At 11-year follow-up a larger proportion of GTPS participants had a clinical diagnosis of GTPS than the ASC participants, (Fisher exact, p=0.008), OR [95% CI]: 10.19 [1.95, 104.3]. GTPS can be caused by: Overuse or stress on the hip from exercising or standing for long periods; Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS), also known as lateral hip pain or trochanteric bursitis, is a common and painful condition which affects the outer side of the hip and thigh. As noted above LB was trained and supervised by AF. The changes after 12-months in the GTPS participants may be due to the Hawthorne effect [35]. For continuous data, between group differences were examined using independent-samples Mann-Whitney U tests. Both groups had similar levels of quality of life and measures of function. There was no group difference for hip abductor or external rotator strength at baseline or 12-month follow-up. They are not included in this analysis. Cates HE, Schmidt MA, Person RM. Julie Cooke, Email: ua.ude.arrebnac@ekooc.eiluj. 2007 Aug;88(8):988-92. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.04.014. CAS Nevertheless, we can confidently compare between groups at each time point but not within the groups across the different follow-up periods. Richardson J, Sinha K, Iezzi A, Khan M. Modelling the utility of health states with the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL) 8D instrument: overview and utility scoring algorithm. The .gov means its official. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a musculoskeletal condition which can cause disability and reduce quality of life. GTPS participants had more co-morbidities than the ASC group at baseline and at 12-month follow-up, but not at the 11-year follow-up, Table Table1.1. For categorical data (sex, obesity, number of cortisone injections and full-time work status), Chi-square (X2) analysis was undertaken, except where cell frequency was less than five, when a Fisher Exact test was implemented. We note that our two groups had no difference in strength so other factors such as motor control or somatosensory impairments may also be contributing factors. Development and validation of a VISA tendinopathy questionnaire for greater trochanteric pain syndrome, the VISA-G. Berthelot J-M, Le Goff B, Maugars Y. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a term used to describe chronic pain overlying the lateral aspect of the hip. Cookies policy. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome negatively affects work, physical activity and quality of life: a case control study. 2017;36(14):230217. Data were visually assessed for normality and found to be skewed. GTPS refers to a group of conditions that. At 11-year follow-up 20/24 GTPS and 19/20 ASC participants were clinically assessed for GTPS and hip OA, completed the 10 metre-walk-test, timed up and go, and hip abduction and external rotation strength testing. More recently, the term "greater trochanteric pain syndrome" (GTPS) ( 42) has been used with increasing frequency to describe pain and tenderness in the region of the greater . Furthermore, investigations exploring effective long-term conservative management strategies are necessary to reduce the burden of GTPS, and the risk of developing hip OA. GTPS participants had a lower quality of life than ASC participants at baseline (p=0.004). Future studies should investigate biomechanical and somatosensory impairments and their effects on joint contact forces. 2015;20(6):80513. LB was a major contributor to the writing of the manuscript. The GTPS group had weaker hip abduction than the ASC at 11-years follow-up (p=0.032). We acknowledge that the use of ultra-sound and/or magnetic resonance imaging would have enhanced the diagnosis of GTPS. Bazett-Jones DM, Cobb SC, Joshi MN, Cashin SE, Earl JE. The Odds Ratio (OR) [95%CI] of having GTPS, or developing hip OA were calculated post hoc using penalized logistic regression (Firth method [22]) as implemented in R package logistf [23] , with confidence intervals from the profile likelihood [24]. This finding highlights the need to identify effective treatments that address the underlying impairments associated with GTPS. Hip abduction and external rotation strength, normalised to mass (kgf/mBMavg) [19], Gait speed via the 10-meter walk test (10mwt) (m/s) [20]. Know the causes, symptoms, treatment, exercise, physical therapy and prognosis of greater trochanteric pain syndrome. The clinical, functional and biomechanical presentation of patients with symptomatic hip abductor tendon tears. Methods: Maximum isometric hip abduction (in supine) and external rotation strength (in prone) were assessed using the same fixed calibrated hand-held dynamometer, (Chatillon, MSC FL, USA) as used at baseline assessment" [10]. Introduction. The underlying pathology is thought to primarily be due to gluteus medius and gluteus minimus tendinopathy [2, 3]. Previous consent had been obtained from the participants at the baseline assessment for later follow-up, all participants reconsented for the 2019 follow-up assessment. Meknas K, Johansen O, Steigen S, Olsen R, Jrgensen L, Kartus J. The single prognostic study on GTPS (n=164) reported at least 36% of people at 1-year and 29% of people at 5-years post diagnosis still had GTPS, with 24% self-reporting concurrent hip osteoarthritis (OA) [5]. Research Paper 63, Center for Health Economics. A prospective 11-year natural history study. Al-Hayani A. This finding highlights the need to identify effective treatments that address the underlying impairments associated with GTPS. A large proportion of GTPS participants had gone on to develop hip OA, while none of the ASC had gone on to develop hip OA according to Altmans criteria (Fisher exact, p=0.002), OR [95%CI] = 21.6 [2.30, 2898.0]. Further, a significantly higher proportion of people with GTPS went on to develop hip OA, than the ASC group. GTPS participants had a lower quality of life than ASC participants at baseline (p=0.004). However, limited evidence is available on the long-term outcomes of people with GTPS. Generalised linear models controlling for age and comorbidities provided estimated marginal means (SE) and 95% ci at each time point, a Indicates a statistically significant finding, AQoL Higher score indicates higher quality of life, mHHS Higher score indicates higher function and less pain, Strength: Higher score indicates higher strength, Gait speed: Higher score in more desirable. Finally, we did not undertake reliability studies, however LB was trained and supervised by AF who undertook the original study, and we used outcomes with published high inter-rater reliability. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The incidence of gluteal tendon tears, likely severe GTPS [1], identified at hip arthroplasty ranges from 1.6% [6] to 20% [7], suggesting a mild to moderate association between GTPS and end-stage hip OA. Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a musculoskeletal condition which can cause disability and reduce quality of life. Conclusions: Two groups [GTPS group (n = 24), asymptomatic control (ASC) group (n = 20)] were evaluated at baseline, 12-months and 11-years. Injury to the greater trochanter or the adjoining parts and trochanteric bursa, pain on the upper surface of the upper thigh and the hip is called greater trochanteric pain syndrome. Part of LB contributed to the design, collected, analysis and interpreted the participant data regarding clinical diagnosis and function. AF undertook the design and conception of the study. Bazett-Jones DM, Cobb SC, Joshi MN, Cashin SE, Earl JE. To determine the clinical diagnosis of hip OA we used Altman (1991) criteria: history of hip pain and internal rotation <15 and flexion <115, or a history of hip pain, pain on internal rotation, morning stiffness 60 minutes, and age >50 years [11]. At 11-years all participants completed the modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Assessment of Quality-of-Life questionnaire. 2020;43(6):6129. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. J Arthroplasty. Association of hip pain with radiographic evidence of hip osteoarthritis: diagnostic test study. A clearer understanding of the relationship between GTPS and hip OA is important for further research into the treatment of GTPS and consequently patient management. Relevant inclusion criteria for the baseline study were being over 18-years of age, able to communicate in English and a) GTPS group: having a clinical diagnosis of GTPS (minimum three-month history of lateral hip pain, pain on palpation of the greater trochanter, and pain with either lying on the hip during weight bearing, or sitting), or b) asymptomatic control group (ASC): having no history of lower limb injury or disease.

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