Prayer of Renewal. He needed God to cleanse him, and to do it through the blood of the perfect sacrifice anticipated by animal sacrifices. It takes faith to believe God despite the doubt and difficulty. (E)So You are right when You pass sentence;You are blameless when You judge. Pentateuch Join us as we journey through the psalmist's heartfelt plea, acknowledging our own need for forgiveness and restoration. Life is hard, it will often knock us out of whack. Neither is his idea to excuse his sin by saying, Look how bad I started out what else could be expected? The purpose was to show the depths of his sin, that it went beyond specific sinful actions all the way to a stubborn sin nature, one he was born with. David said to Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD (2 Samuel 12:13) a good and direct confession, without excuse and with clarity. Purge: It is based on the word for sin (chattath) and literally means de-sin me. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Select an Ending Point Minor Prophets You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on this website. What he did taking whatever woman he wanted and killing anyone who got in his way these were expected conduct for the kings of the world. Ps 88:15, I am mortally afflicted since youth, i.e., I have always been afflicted. (I)8Let me hear joy and gladness;let the bones You have crushed rejoice. Recognizing the value of consistent reflection upon the Word of God in order to refocus one's mind and heart upon Christ and His Gospel of peace, we provide several reading plans designed to cover the entire Bible in a year. Read full chapter Psalm 51:1 in all English translations Psalm 50 Psalm 52 Senior Prayer Class Bell 1 Mrs. Curran. Romans 3:4 quotes Ps. Because of your great mercy. Praying through Psalm 51:10. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit: a broken and a contrite heart . i. According to the multitude of Your tender mercies, 1 Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions. (S)17The sacrifice pleasing to God is[d] a broken spirit.God, You will not despise a broken and humbled heart. 51:4." When we sin, it is so important to remember that our mistakes are ultimately against God. A psalm of David, Do not think your desires are true towards God unless they are really so: he desireth truth in our desires. (Spurgeon). c. Against You, You only, have I sinned: In an objective sense this was not true. There was a sense in which he had to contend both with God and himself to bring him to the place he should be. General Epistles i. From this and similar passages we gain the Biblical idea of original sin the idea that all humans are born sinners, receiving a sinful nature as sons of Adam and daughters of Eve. c. Against You, You only, have I sinned: In an objective sense this was not true. Psalms, PSALM 51 | USCCB 4 Thoroughly wash away my guilt;. Major Prophets He reiterates my my transgressions, my iniquity, my sin. He does not throw blame on circumstances, or talk about temperament or maxims of society or bodily organisation. Prophets In this video, we unravel the rich poetic language and heartfelt expressions of the psalmist, discovering the transformative power of sincere repentance and God's abundant mercy.Psalm 51 serves as a beacon of hope for all who yearn for a fresh start and reconciliation with God. The New Testament in the resource materials are not necessarily affirmed, in total, by this ministry. And done this evil in Your sight Psalm 51 CSB - Psalm 51 A Prayer for Restoration - For - Bible Gateway Psalm 51 - A Prayer of Repentance and Restoration - YouTube Error: Passwords should have at least 6 characters, Error: Usernames should only contain letters, numbers, dots, dashes, or underscores. i. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a. a. and from my sin cleanse me. The New Testament Psalm 51 A Prayer for Restoration For the choir director. Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking. He is requesting a great thing; he seeks joy for a sinful heart, music for crushed bones. i. Why, much the same as the use of a broken pot, or a broken jug, or a broken bottle! (Spurgeon), ii. Copyright 2019-2023 USCCB, please review our Privacy Policy. 12Restore the joy of your salvation to me, and sustain me by giving me a willing spirit.a. Be gracious to me, God, according to your faithful love; according to your abundant compassion, blot out my rebellion. God's restoration brings meaning and new purpose to our lives. My sin: We note, too, how the psalmist realises his personal responsibility. range of evangelical traditions, all of the ideas and principles conveyed (Psalm 51:5-6) The depth of Davids need. c. You do not desire sacrifice, or else I would give it: David expressed the principle brought forth in the previous psalm (Psalm 50). Wisdom Literature Christian Standard Bible, and CSB are federally registered trademarks of Holman Bible Publishers, all rights reserved. I can think of two good reasons for meditating on this idea. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. For him, the whole point of cleansing and restoration was to renew his relationship with God. Hyssop was used to apply the blood of the Passover lamb (Exodus 12:22). Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. iii. c. Blot out my transgressions: David felt a register of his many sins condemned him, and he wanted the account of them to be erased. He does not make excuses for his sins. We'll encounter the depth of God's mercy and grace, discovering that no sin is too great for His forgiveness.This video invites you to embrace the transformative power of Psalm 51 and find solace in its timeless message. b. Blot out my transgressions. (7-15) God is pleased with a contrite heart, A prayer for the prosperity of Zion. Please see Blue Letter Bible's Privacy Policy for cookie usage details. i. Whether you're seeking forgiveness, desiring spiritual renewal, or simply seeking a deeper understanding of God's unfailing love, this exploration of Psalm 51 will inspire you to approach God with a contrite heart, ready to receive His abundant grace and experience the freedom of restoration.#psalm51 #repentance #restoration #forgiveness #spiritualrenewal #sincere #mercy #confession #cleansing #joy #vulnerability #faith #grace #freedom #healing a. They would still offer bulls on Your altar. A psalm of David, when the prophet Nathan came to him after he had gone to Bathsheba. Chapter 51 Bible Options | + Text Size 1 (To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, when Nathan the prophet came unto him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba.) More so, it was to bring glory to God. Thank You, Father, that in Your wisdom You do not renew and restore the old fallen sin-nature in Adam, but You give us a new nature, a new, born-again life, received through faith in Christ. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. i. You can copy the order of your preferred Bible translations from the Bibles Tab to the Version Picker (this popup) or vice versa. My sin: We note, too, how the psalmist realises his personal responsibility. David's Prayer of Repentance and Restoration - True Christian Magazine He rightly felt as if, against You, You only, have I sinned. With the heart issues addressed, those sacrifices could be full of meaning and benefit. Psalm 51 | The Church of England To him, it did not matter what others thought; God did not despise his broken and contrite heart, and that was enough. a. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, Study Guide for Psalm 51 by David Guzik - Blue Letter Bible (B)2Wash away my guiltand cleanse me from my sin. Do not cast me away from Your presence, If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. 3 For I am conscious of my rebellion, and my sin is always before me. Blue Letter Bible is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. The unhappy criminal entreats, in this verse, for the divine help and deliverance, as if he not only heard the voice of innocent blood crying from the ground, but as if he saw the murdered Uriah coming upon him for vengeance, like an armed man. (Horne). If our sins be in number as the hairs of our head, Gods mercies are as the stars of heaven. (Symson, cited in Spurgeon), ii. c. Then I will teach transgressors Your ways, and sinners shall be converted to You: In the dark days before this confession of sin, David was not able to teach those who were far from God and saw none converted to Him. - YouTube 0:00 / 2:37 PSALM 51 - A prayer of repentance and restoration. He recognized the emptiness of all that, and the value of his present broken spirit and broken and contrite heart. 13Then I will teach the rebellious your ways, 14Save me from the guilt of bloodshed, Goda , and my tongue will sing of your righteousness.b. Here the psalmist petitions the Lord to be his priest by taking the hyssop and by declaring him cleansed from all sin. (VanGemeren). Pauline Epistles (Psalm 51:10-11) Restoration of heart. (R)16You do not want a sacrifice, or I would give it;You are not pleased with a burnt offering. Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. By proceeding, you consent to our cookie usage. Johannine Writings The Old Testament 7Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.a, and renew a steadfastA spirit within me.a. 4. They would still offer bulls on Your altar. To him, it did not matter what others thought; God did not despise his broken and contrite heart, and that was enough. The poem has two parts of approximately equal length: Ps 51:310 and Ps 51:1119, and a conclusion in Ps 51:2021. David used several words to speak of his offense against God. (L)11Do not banish me from Your presenceor take Your Holy Spirit from me. What is the use of a broken heart? And my tongue shall sing aloud of Your righteousness: David knew that with his guilt dealt with before God, he would again be able to sing aloud; that my mouth shall show forth Your praise. With the word Create he asks for nothing less than a miracle. i. ii. repentant sinners transformed by the power of God. get blessed by this amazing Psalm.ps. (Psalm 51:7-9) Restoration through the blood of sacrifice. Have mercy upon me, O God is the prayer of a man who knows he has sinned and has stopped all self-justification. Verses 1-6 shows his honest and raw confession of his sins without excuse. Create . That You may be found just when You speak, It was a well-phrased request with the eloquence of true brokenness. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation. Have mercy upon me, O God is the prayer of a man who knows he has sinned and has stopped all self-justification. . Psalm 51 - A Prayer for Restoration - Just Steps In Psalm 51:13-19. Such self-confidence is what typically leads even good men into sin. d. The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit, a broken and contrite heart: David had a great love for the House of the LORD and had sponsored great sacrifices unto God (2 Samuel 6:13, 6:17-18). The act of sin is traced back to its reason in the pollution of the nature. (Morgan), ii. Deliver me from the guilt of bloodshed, O God, A Psalm of David when Nathan the Prophet went to him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba. 1 Be gracious to me, God, according to your faithful love; according to your abundant compassion, blot out my rebellion. The New Testament Humility. 1For the leader. Revive our hope in You to inspire, encourage, comfort, and restore all that has been lost and broken. One way or another, getting this right with God was key to effectiveness in his spiritual work. Used by permission. d. Hide Your face from my sins, and blot out all my iniquities: Repeatedly, David asked for forgiveness and restoration. 1 Be gracious to me, God, according to Your faithful love; according to Your abundant compassion, blot out my rebellion. These, O God, You will not despise. Thank You, Father, that in Your wisdom You do not renew and restore the old fallen sin-nature in Adam, but You give us a new nature, a new, born-again life, received through faith in Christ. Such is the power of the cleansing work of God upon the heart that he can restore innocence to us, and make us as if we had never been stained with transgression at all. (Spurgeon). Verse 12 "A clean heart create for me, O God, and a steadfast spirit renew within me" is one of my favorite . Prayer of Restoration. In the Levitical law it was the priests who used the hyssop to sprinkle the purifying water. Luke-Acts The riches, the power, and the glory of a kingdom, can neither prevent nor remove the torment of sin, which puts the monarch and the beggar upon a level. (Horne), iv. According to Your lovingkindness; 5. It is a wicked wresting of Scripture to deny that original sin and natural depravity are here taught. It was not easily expressed or easily received by faith. Wisdom Literature Major Prophets 2 Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity, And cleanse me from my sin. A psalm of David, when the prophet Nathan came to him after he had gone to Bathsheba. Such self-confidence is what typically leads even good men into sin. i. 2 terms. Psalm 51:7-12. He also failed as a king over Gods people. i. Its also possible that David had in mind the sacrifices that were regularly offered on behalf of Israel, and that they could be restored to meaning and benefit on behalf of the nation. In psalm 51, we were told of the prayer of a repentant sinner which was David, on this article is a detailed study of David Prayer for mercy. In this David anticipated one of the great promises to all who believe under the New Covenant: I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will take the heart of stone out of your flesh and give you a heart of flesh (Ezekiel 36:26). Though he makes no specific reference to his adultery in this psalm, he felt that he must make specific mention of this great sin. (H)7Purify me with hyssop, and I will be clean;wash me, and I will be whiter than snow. The act of sin is traced back to its reason in the pollution of the nature. (Morgan), ii. e. These, O God, You will not despise: Its easy to imagine that many in Davids day would despise his broken and contrite heart. The Old Testament For less than $5/mo. 5 Powerful Prayers for Restoration of a Broken World get blessed by this amazing Psalm.psalm51,psalm 51 prayer for cleansing and pardon,Prayer of Repentance,prayer of repentance and forgiveness,prayer of repentance and cleansing,praye,whiter than snow verse,whiter than snow,Prayer of Forgiveness,prayer of forgiveness and mercy,prayer of forgiveness for fornica,Joy of salvation,rejoice in the Lord,wash my sins,wash my sins away,washed my sins away bible verse,worship,do not take your holy spirit from me,religious text of the Bible#Shorts #Psalms #trending #repentance #viral #recommended #sins #prayer Do good in Your good pleasure to Zion; More so, it was to bring glory to God. He was in unconfessed sin, but miserable in it, as a child of God should be. Since these providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them here. The psalmist who prayed restore to me also prays that he may be instrumental in restoring sinners to the ways of the Lord. (VanGemeren). He needed God to cleanse him, and to do it through the blood of the perfect sacrifice anticipated by animal sacrifices. Is ever before me: To my great grief and regret, my conscience twitteth me with it, and the devil layeth it in my dish. (Trapp), iii. Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. 2 Wash away my guilt and cleanse me from my sin. i. 3 For I am conscious of my rebellion, iv. * [51:18] For you do not desire sacrifice: the mere offering of the ritual sacrifice apart from good dispositions is not acceptable to God, cf. Against You, You only, have I sinned, (K), 10God, create a clean heart for meand renew a steadfast[b] spirit within me. What he did taking whatever woman he wanted and killing anyone who got in his way these were expected conduct for the kings of the world. Renew a steadfast spirit: Or, a firm spirit, firm for God, able to resist the devil, steadfast in the faith, and to abide constant in the way that is called holy. (Trapp), ii. 1. You can check these in your browser security settings. He reiterates my my transgressions, my iniquity, my sin. He does not throw blame on circumstances, or talk about temperament or maxims of society or bodily organisation. O Lord, open my lips, b. Prophets Psalm 51 HCSB - Psalm 51 A Prayer for Restoration - For - Bible Gateway (Psalm 51:14-17) Restoration of praise. Surely men who cavil at this doctrine have need to be taught of the Holy Spirit what be the first principles of the faith. (Spurgeon). 51 June 26, 2023 Psalms 51 Listen Reading Time: 2 minutes Listen Have mercy upon me, O God, according to thy lovingkindness: according unto the multitude of thy tender mercies blot out my transgressions. * [51:7] In sin my mother conceived me: lit., In iniquity was I conceived, an instance of hyperbole: at no time was the psalmist ever without sin, cf. For I acknowledge my transgressions, 4 Against youyou aloneI have sinned and done this evil in your sight. In confessing his sin, David hoped to confirm Gods justice and holy character, proving that His commands were good and just even when David broke those commands. The word that begins this section is the Hebrew verb bara, which is used in Genesis 1 for the creation of the heavens and the earth by God. Poetical Books The plea create indicated he needed a new heart from God, a clean heart. This expressed a humble reliance upon the LORD. To the Chief Musician. My sin is always before me: In the many months between the time David committed these sins and this confession, he had not escaped the sense of sin it was always before him. Or else I would give it: He would have been glad enough to present tens of thousands of victims if these would have met the case. Uphold me by Your generous Spirit: This expresses again Davids confidence in God for his future. Make me hear joy and gladness, This point is technically true, yet doesnt take away from the deep sense of a need for restoration and return to the first things that may mark an erring child of God even under the New Covenant. i. Blot out my transgressions: The plea, blot out, means wipe away, like the writing from a book (cf. 2 Wash away my guilt and cleanse me from my sin. And my tongue shall sing aloud of Your righteousness. Hide Your face from my sins, (Psalm 51:1-2) The direct plea for mercy. 17The sacrifice pleasing to God isA a broken spirit. Psalm 51:1 To the chief Musician, A Psalm of David, when Nathan the prophet came unto him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba. Prayer for Psalm 51 - Knowing Jesus Nearness to God brings joy and the authority to teach sinners (Ps 51:1516). a I. The Bibles Tab is found in the Tools feature on Bible pages: Note: MLA no longer requires the URL as part of their citation standard. i. Sinners shall be converted: VanGemeren notes that David used the same word here translated converted that was previously translated restore (Psalm 51:12). Wash me thoroughly: The word employed is significant, in that it probably means washing by kneading or beating, not by simple rinsing. (Maclaren), iii. ii. A broken and contrite heart: This is opposed to that hard or stony heart, of which we read so oft, which signifies a heart insensible of the burden of sin, stubborn and rebellious against God, imminent and incorrigible. (Poole), iii. Thank You for the lessons we can learn from biblical saints like David, who was cleansed of his sin, when he confessed his . The two parts interlock by repetition of blot out in the first verse of each section (Ps 51:3, 11), of wash (away) just after the first verse of each section (Ps 51:4) and just before the last verse (Ps 51:9) of the first section, and of heart, God, and spirit in Ps 51:12, 19. The restoration of joy is His goal. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation. Psalm 51 Keil and Delitzsch OT Commentary - Bible Hub GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, (Hebrew/Greek Search by English Definition), * 'Number Delimiters' only apply to 'Paragraph Order', Search verses, phrases, and topics (e.g. David said to Nathan, I have sinned against the LORD ( 2 Samuel 12:13) - a good and direct confession, without excuse and with clarity. Psalm 51: A beautiful prayer of sorrow and remorse. The prayer - Prezi A Psalm of David when Nathan the prophet went to him, after he had gone in to Bathsheba. Mercy denotes Gods loving assistance to the pitiful. None but a child of God cares for the eye of God. (Spurgeon). Psalm 51 is David's prayer of confession after having sinned against the Lord in connection with Bathsheba. (T), 18In Your good pleasure, cause Zion to prosper;build[e] the walls of Jerusalem. Minor Prophets 2. Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. Deliver me from the guilt of bloodshed: David was deeply aware of his sin of murder against Uriah (2 Samuel 11). Luke-Acts The clean heart must continue contrite, if it is not to cease to be clean. (Maclaren). The Blue Letter Bible ministry and the BLB Institute hold to the historical, It is a term for what God alone can do. (Kidner). David had sinned against Bathsheba, Uriah, their families, his family, his kingdom, and in a sense even against his own body (1 Corinthians 6:18). i. (Q)15Lord, open my lips,and my mouth will declare Your praise. It is a term for what God alone can do. (Kidner). A psalm of David, 2 when Nathan the prophet came to him after he had gone in to Bathsheba. Prayer for Cleansing and Pardon - To the choirmaster. Such a request presented to the God of my salvation would surely be answered. Oh! The Restoration of Prayer - In Touch Ministries 51 Have mercy upon me, O God, According to Your lovingkindness; According to the multitude of Your tender mercies, Blot out my transgressions. ii. The restoration of joy is His goal. Restore to me the joy of Your salvation, Wash me thoroughly: To be cleansed not only from outward defilements, but from his swinish nature; for though a swine be washed never so clean, if she retain her nature, she will be ready to wallow in the next guzzle. (Trapp). Blue Letter Bible study tools make reading, searching and studying the Bible easy and rewarding. Then they shall offer bulls on Your altar. c. Do not cast me away from Your presence, and do not take Your Holy Spirit from me: This was a further way David expressed his ongoing reliance upon God. The psalmist who prayed restore to me also prays that he may be instrumental in restoring sinners to the ways of the Lord. (VanGemeren). You will not despise: This is great comfort to those that droop under a sense of sin and fear of wrath, being at next door to despair. (Trapp). 1Be gracious to me, God,according to Your faithful love;according to Your abundant compassion,blot out my rebellion. And in the hidden part You will make me to know wisdom. John 3:16, Jesus faith love), Select a Beginning Point You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. The beauty of Christ is that He not only is the Lord of restoration, but He is the God of making all things new in His time and work. a. Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean: David looked for God to do a work of spiritual and moral cleansing, and to do it in connection with the atoning sacrifice of a substitute. a. c. Then I will teach transgressors Your ways, and sinners shall be converted to You: In the dark days before this confession of sin, David was not able to teach those who were far from God and saw none converted to Him. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. All these had some share in impelling him to sin; but after all allowance made for them, the deed is the doers, and he must bear its burden. (Maclaren). His sin was a deep stain but purity could be restored. Wash me thoroughly, Hebrew multiply to wash me; by which phrase he implies the greatness of his guilt, and the insufficiency of all legal washings, and the absolute necessity of some other and better thing to wash him. (Poole), ii. The last two verses express the hope that Gods good will toward those who are cleansed and contrite will prompt him to look favorably on the acts of worship offered in the Jerusalem Temple (Ps 51:19 [2021]). Historical Books PSALM 51 - A prayer of repentance and restoration. - YouTube Wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow. Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB). Is ever before me: To my great grief and regret, my conscience twitteth me with it, and the devil layeth it in my dish. (Trapp), iii. And blot out all my iniquities. Copyright 2017 by Holman Bible Publishers. Psalm 51 GNT - A Prayer for Forgiveness - Be merciful - Bible Gateway This verse is both by Jewish and Christian, by ancient and later, interpreters, generally and most truly understood of original sin. (Poole), iii.

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