Ancient Egyptians worshipped a god of the Nile named Hapi. ", "Nile waterscapes facilitated the construction of the Giza pyramids during the 3rd millennium BCE", "A dried-up arm of the Nile provides another clue to how Egyptians built the pyramids", "The Geological Evolution of the River Nile in Egypt", "Remarkable Events in the Life of the River Nile", Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile, "Big Canal To Change Course of Nile River", "For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. Now how did he know that? Do crocodiles live in Africa? [75] Jernimo Lobo describes the source of the Blue Nile, visiting shortly after Pedro Pez. Each is discussed in greater detail in the sections that follow. The English name Nile and the Arabic names en-Nl and an-Nl both derive from the Latin Nilus and the Ancient Greek . An anabranch river, the Bahr el Zeraf, flows out of the Nile's Bahr al Jabal section and rejoins the White Nile. The northern section of the river flows through an area that is almost entirely desert, providing a source of water and a small strip of highly fertile land. Beans, cotton, wheat, and flax were important and abundant crops that could be easily stored and traded. The Nile Delta is one of the world's largest river deltas.It is around 160 kilometers (100 miles) in length and spreads out over 240 kilometers (149 miles) of coastline.It is rich in agriculture and has been farmed for thousands of years. p(h).iar-o "the.canal-great"), and comes from the same ancient name. On average, the depth of the Nile is about 26-36 ft (8-11 m). The Nile in Egypt and Sudan is now called Al-Nl, Al-Bar, and Bar Al-Nl or Nahr Al-Nl. Their 9-month journey is described in the book Kayaks down the Nile. The ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (Coptic: Iaro), Black, in allusion to the colour of the sediments carried by the river when it is in flood. According to a report by the Strategic Foresight Group around 170 million people have been affected by droughts in the last century with half a million lives lost. Omissions? It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. Before the completion of the High Aswan Dam in 1970, the Nile's annual floods were somewhat unpredictable. The Nile River flows over 6,600 kilometers (4,100 miles) until emptying into the Mediterranean Sea. Nile River | Delta, Map, Basin, Length, Facts, Definition, Map, History Hapi was the god of the annual floods, and both he and the pharaoh were thought to control the flooding. A quarrel ensued which sparked intense debate within the scientific community and interest by other explorers keen to either confirm or refute Speke's discovery. Wow, the land must be good here! First Ring Road Bridge (Moneeb Crossing), Moorehead, Alan, "The White Nile" (Hamish Hamilton, 1960; revised and illustrated edition, 1971). Around 40 million people (half of Egypt's population) live in the Nile Delta region. Previously, higher floods could wipe out crops, and drier years could result in failures and famine, but the dam now regulates water levels. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Nile was "a critical lifeline that literally brought life to the desert," as Lisa Saladino Haney, assistant curator of Egypt at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in Pittsburgh, writes on the museum's website. The Blue Nile begins near Lake Tana in Ethiopia. The existing Nile has five earlier phases; Flowing north from the Ethiopian Highlands, satellite imagery was used to identify dry watercourses in the desert to the west of the Nile. The Blue Nile flows about 1,400 kilometres to Khartoum, where the Blue Nile and White Nile join to form the Nile. On the banks of the river dwelled people who were among the first to cultivate the arts of agriculture and to use the plow. The Nile River is also a vital waterway for transport, especially at times when motor transport is not feasiblee.g., during the flood season. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. [7], There are two theories about the age of the integrated Nile. [10] Additionally, the Nile is an important economic river, supporting agriculture and fishing. The god was honored for the annual floods, which brought fertility to the land and helped sustain life year after year. An overview is given by: Carles Mrcia (2006). Lake Victoria was first sighted by Europeans in 1858 when British explorer John Hanning Speke reached its southern shore while traveling with Richard Francis Burton to explore central Africa and locate the great lakes. Today, 95 percent of Egyptians live within a few kilometers of the Nile. The stone blocks used to construct the pyramids had to be transported by boat. The granite blocks used likely came from Aswan, some 900 km away, so the Nile proved crucial in their transportation. This branch was highest during the African Humid Period.[53][54]. It flows over six groups of cataracts, from the sixth at Sabaloka just north of Khartoum northward to Abu Hamad. The Egyptian religion even venerated a deity of flooding and fertility, Hapy, who was depicted as a chubby man with blue or green skin. I am doing a report on The Nile and so this info was very helpful. It flows into the Mediterranean Sea. 1) Found in northeast Africa, the Nile has long been recognised as the longest river in the world - stretching a massive 6,695km! Mud from the river was also used to create bricks for building structures and shelters. They constructed networks of earthen banks to form basins, and dug channels to direct floodwater water into the basins, where it would sit for a month until the soil was saturated and ready for planting. The Nile is the longest river in the world. The great civilization of ancient Egypt developed on its banks. Despite the development of many reservoirs, drought during the 1980s led to widespread starvation in Ethiopia and Sudan, but Egypt was nourished by water impounded in Lake Nasser. The length of the Nile River is approximately 6650 kilometres (4132 miles). The Nile River empties into the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt. Ecological Facts About The Nile River. The Nile Basin Initiative promotes a peaceful cooperation among those states. The river also had a vital role in the building of the Ancient Egyptian Pyramids, as the blocks of stone used for construction had to be transported by boat. The name Nile is derived from the Greek Neilos (Latin: Nilus), which probably originated from the Semitic root naal, meaning a valley or a river valley and hence, by an extension of the meaning, a river. 14 Incredible Types of Catfish. It has a length of about 4,132 miles (6,650 kilometres) and drains an area estimated at 1,293,000 square miles (3,349,000 square kilometres). The dispute between Egypt and Ethiopia over the $4.5 billion Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam has become a national preoccupation in both countries, stoking patriotism, deep-seated fears and even murmurs of war. The Nile was also a convenient and efficient means of transportation for people and goods. The Atbarah overflowed its closed basin during the wet periods that occurred about 100,000 to 120,000 years ago. This Ancient Egyptian artifact (or object) was a major reason why we understand so much about Egyptian hieroglyphics today. It begins in the rivers that flow into Lake Victoria (located in modern-day Uganda, Tanzania, and Kenya), and empties into the Mediterranean Sea more than 6,600 kilometers (4,100 miles) to the north, making it one of the longest river in the world. i need to do an essay about the Nile and found no good info here. The growth of the current Sahara began about 6,000, conquest of the northern and central Sudan, "Pinpointing the sources and measuring the lengths of the principal rivers of the world", Amazon Longer Than Nile River, Scientists Say, "The Quest for Cooperation in the Nile Water Conflicts: A Case for Eritrea", "What's the Blue Nile and the White Nile? In contrast, the hot, dry desert areas were Deshret, the "red land." Gene from bobs burgers on February 06, 2019: hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii on January 16, 2019: this was sooooooooooooo helpful for my school project! Bamboo (Bambusoideae) plant species can be found along and near the Nile River. 31 Facts About Africa's Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) U could do better tbh leland.arnold@mio.k12.mi.us on October 23, 2019: this is very good information but there could be more information like the Nile River average discharge is 3.1 million litres (680,000 gallons) per second. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. More than half of the Nile's water is lost in this swamp to evaporation and transpiration. wet period. The Nile also played an important role in the creation of the monumental tombs such as the Great Pyramid of Giza. The Atbarah flows only while there is rain in Ethiopia and dries very rapidly. After Mongalla, the Bahr Al Jabal enters the enormous swamps of the Sudd region. "He who rides the sea of the Nile must have sails woven of patience.". While most Egyptians still live in the Nile valley, the 1970 completion of the Aswan Dam ended the summer floods and their renewal of the fertile soil, fundamentally changing farming practices. Below the Aswan Dam, at the northern limit of Lake Nasser, the Nile resumes its historic course. [27] The Nile basin is complex, and because of this, the discharge at any given point along the main stem depends on many factors including weather, diversions, evaporation and evapotranspiration, and groundwater flow. Below Renk, the White Nile enters Sudan, it flows north to Khartoum and meets the Blue Nile. The Nile's significance in Egypt and the other countries through which it passes cannot be overstated. The dam was built between 1960 and 1970. These basins were not interconnected until their subsidence ceased, and the rate of sediment deposition was enough to fill and connect them. [68][69] Although James Bruce claimed to be the first European to have visited the headwaters,[70] modern writers give the credit to the Jesuit Pedro Pez. A canyon, now filled by surface drift, represents the Eonile that flowed during 235.3million years before present. The source of the Blue Nile is Lake Tana[28] in the Gish Abay region[29] in the Ethiopian Highlands. Some of this is fake don't trust what you see online, That information about the river nile is not true. The significance of the Nile can be traced backed to ancient Egypt. Upstream from Khartoum (to the south), the river is known as the White Nile, a term also used in a limited sense to describe the section between Lake No and Khartoum. The Bahr al Ghazal, 716 kilometers (445mi) long, joins the Bahr al Jabal at a small lagoon called Lake No, after which the Nile becomes known as the Bahr al Abyad, or the White Nile, from the whitish clay suspended in its waters. The Nile's modern name comes from the Nelios, the Greek word for river valley. Another interesting point is a man named Edgar Cayce stated the Nile changed course (see above) and the Sahara was green back in the 1930s. The River Nile is believed to be the longest river in the world The Nile is 4,132 miles long. Europeans began to learn about the origins of the Nile in the 14th century when the Pope sent monks as emissaries to Mongolia who passed India, the Middle East and Africa, and described being told of the source of the Nile in Abyssinia (Ethiopia)[67] Later in the 15th and 16th centuries, travelers to Ethiopia visited Lake Tana and the source of the Blue Nile in the mountains south of the lake. Nile river facts for kids | Geography - National Geographic Kids [52], The Giza Pyramid Complex originally overlooked a branch of the Nile that no longer exists. The ancient Egyptian god of the Nile was known as Hapi. The largest city in this area is Alexandria, which has a population of over four million. The Nile floods the lands in Egypt, leaving behind black sediment. [citation needed] A tune, Hymn to the Nile, was created and sung by the ancient Egyptian peoples about the flooding of the Nile River and all of the miracles it brought to Ancient Egyptian civilization.[64]. "The Egyptian Nile, though it does have its own particular hazards, is subject to none of what I find in Rhode Island. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. This famous waterway is about 6,670 km (4,160 miles) and is the longest river in Africa. From space, the contrast between the Nile's lush green river banks and the barren desert through which it flows is obvious. Vol. In Egyptian Arabic, the Nile is called en-Nl, while in Standard Arabic it is called an-Nl. Fact #6: It was once thought that the source of the Nile River was Mount Kilimanjaro. Ancient Egyptians used the papyrus plant in many ways, such as making cloth, boxes, and rope, but by far its most important use was in making paper. Recommendations were made to the Sudanese authorities. Peak flows of over 8,212m3/s (290,000cuft/s) occurred during late August and early September, and minimum flows of about 552m3/s (19,500cuft/s) occurred during late April and early May. The Eonile transported clastic sediments to the Mediterranean; several natural gas fields have been discovered within these sediments. Bamboo bamboo Djembe/Dreamstime.com The Nile crocodile is one of the largest and most dangerous species of crocodilian. The length of the Nile is usually said to be about 6,650km (4,130mi), The river's outflow from that lake occurs at. [30][31], The source of the White Nile, even after centuries of exploration, remains in dispute. Salama suggests that during the Paleogene and Neogene Periods (66million to 2.588million years ago) a series of separate closed continental basins each occupied one of the major parts of the Sudanese Rift System: Mellut rift, White Nile rift, Blue Nile rift, Atbara rift and Sag El Naam rift. What areas do they inhabit? Fact #2: The Nile has two main tributaries. [13], The standard English names "White Nile" and "Blue Nile" refer to the river's source, derived from Arabic names formerly applied to only the Sudanese stretches that meet at Khartoum.[14]. The wadi passes through Gharb Darfur near the northern border with Chad and meets up with the Nile near the southern point of the Great Bend. Here are 21 Fun Facts About The Nile River! Most of the population and cities of Egypt lie along those parts of the Nile valley north of the Aswan Dam. 01 The Nile runs an estimated length of 6,650 km. im not allowed to post my name on November 20, 2018: This article was helpful. I understand that you might be tired but just tell me why. Ancient Egyptians were dependent on the river for drinking water, food, trade, and transportation. The rich agriculture along the riverbanks - and the wealth it generated . The river played a vital role in the building of the pyramids. A computer simulation study to plan the economic development of the Nile was directed by H.A.W. Many cruise ships ply the route between Luxor and Aswan, stopping at Edfu and Kom Ombo along the way. The Nile, which flows northward for 4,160 miles from east-central Africa to the Mediterranean, provided ancient Egypt with fertile soil and water for irrigation, as well as a means of transporting materials for building projects. The most remote source that is indisputably a source for the White Nile is the Kagera River; however, the Kagera has tributaries that are in contention for the farthest source of the White Nile. The underlying principle was the use of over-year storage, to conserve water from rainy years for use in dry years. The Nile River at its widest point is 1.7 miles wide. "It is obviously challenging if the land on which you have built your home and grow your food gets flooded by a river every August and September, as the Nile used to do before the Aswan High Dam," explains Arthur Goldschmidt, Jr., a retired Penn State University professor of Middle East history and the author of A Brief History of Egypt.

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